Structural performance of a medium-span RC three-sided culvert based on field measurements and numerical analyses

The structural performance and soil–structure interaction mechanism of a 7.3 m span, reinforced concrete (RC), three-sided culvert (TSC) with flat top slab are investigated through field monitoring numerical analyses. was instrumented six pressure cells 14 strain gauges. Data were collected during after construction. Two-dimensional finite element models validated against the measurements. then employed to evaluate effects foundation soil condition (yielding or non-yielding) on applied earth pressures along profile induced straining actions at base culvert’s sidewall. Moreover, TSCs ultimate loading has been evaluated from model. results indicate that for TSC supported yielding soil, significant bending moment develops sidewall assumption hinged connection is only realistic case rock (non-yielding foundation). In addition, precast unit width found have minimal influence failure ductility unit. Finally, may occur lower backfill height non-yielding relative case.